The Natural History of Religion Book Summary

In 'The Natural History of Religion,' David Hume explores the origins and development of religious beliefs across cultures. Through a blend of philosophy and empirical observation, Hume delves into the psychological and sociological factors that shape religion. His analysis raises provocative questions about the nature of faith and reason, challenging conventional views. As he uncovers the underlying motives for belief, readers are compelled to reconsider their own perspectives on spirituality. This thought-provoking work invites readers on a journey through the complexities of human belief systems.

By David Hume

Published: 2018

""The origin of religion is not in divine revelation, but in human nature, as much a part of us as our desire to laugh and love.""

Book Review of The Natural History of Religion

In this essay, Hume offers a pioneering naturalist account of the causes, effects, and historical development of religious belief. Hume argues that a crude polytheism was the earliest religion of mankind and locates the origins of religion in emotion, particularly hope, fear, and the desire to control the future. He further argues that monotheism arises from competition between religions, as believers seek to distinguish their deities as superior to all rivals, magnifying those deities until they possess all perfections. Though an enlightened monotheism is more rationally defensible than a superstitious polytheism, in practice polytheism has many advantages. In particular, Hume argues, monotheistic religions tend to be more intolerant and hypocritical, result in greater intellectual absurdities, and foster socially undesirable "monkish virtues," such as mortification, abasement, and passive suffering.[2] Hume concludes the "Natural History" on a note of characteristic skepticism: "The whole is a riddle, an aenigma, an inexplicable mystery. Doubt, uncertainty, suspence of judgment appear the only result of our most accurate scrutiny, concerning this subject. But such is the frailty of human reason, and such the irresistible contagion of opinion, that even this deliberate doubt could scarcely be upheld; did we not enlarge our view, and opposing one species of superstition to another, set them a quarrelling; while we ourselves, during their fury and contention, happily make our escape, into the calm, though obscure, regions of philosophy."

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"The origin of religion is not in divine revelation, but in human nature, as much a part of us as our desire to laugh and love."

The Natural History of Religion

By David Hume